Defeat Malaria, or Just Control It?; A Better Vaccine for Polio

I'm Alex Villarreal with the VOA Special English Health Report, from voaspecialenglish.com | http Malaria kills about one million people a year and sickens another two hundred fifty million. Most of the deaths are in young children in Africa. Malaria causes twenty percent of childhood deaths in Africa. People become infected when they are bitten by mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite. A new study estimates the possibility of ending malaria in countries that have the deadliest form of the disease. Researchers found that this could be possible in most parts of the world within ten to fifteen years. What it would require, they say, is reducing the spread of malaria by ninety percent from two thousand seven rates. An international team created mathematical models and maps of areas where the disease is gone or almost gone. Andrew Tatem, an assistant professor at the University of Florida, led the study. Professor Tatem says a number of things have helped countries successfully fight malaria.He says these include low levels of malaria risk, political stability, a good health system and low levels of population movement. The study says malaria could be eliminated if countries are serious about using proven control measures. These include insecticides and bed nets.The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation partly financed the research. The study appears in the Lancet medical journal in a series of reports on ending malaria. Other malaria experts writing in the Lancet expressed ...



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Group Works to Expand Supply of Cattle Vaccine in Africa

This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, from voaspecialenglish.com Each year a million cows in Africa die from East Coast fever. The disease is spread by tick bites. Young cows are most at risk; they can die within days. Farmers and herders can lose up to half or more of their calves to East Coast fever. The disease is widespread in eleven countries. And experts say it now threatens ten million more animals in new areas including southern Sudan. Researchers first developed an experimental vaccine against East Coast fever thirty years ago. The vaccine works by a process called "infection and treatment." The animals are infected with whole parasites and treated with antibiotics at the same time. This keeps the disease from developing. Controlling East Coast fever has meant a better life in areas that have gotten the vaccine. For example, the vaccine has been available to a group of Maasai herders in northern Tanzania for about seven years. They used to lose three-fourths of their newborn calves each year. Now, most survive. As a result, many people have extra cattle to sell, and use the money to pay for school for their children. But making the vaccine more widely available -- especially in rural areas -- has been difficult. Farmers have been using supplies produced in the nineteen nineties. Recently there was a shortage. The International Livestock Research Institute made one million doses at the request of African officials. But that supply is only temporary ...



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